📃Enroute

• Unit General Operating Procedures
• Chapter 1 - General Operation Procedures
• Annex A | Standard Instrument Arrivals (STARs)
• Chapter 2 - South control
• Chapter 3 - North control (Tel-Aviv ACC)
• Chapter 4 - Pluto control [WIP]

Unit General Operating Procedures

CHAPTER 1 Operating Procedures

1.1 Initial Clearance

1.1.1 Departure Clerances

All traffic from within the LLLL FIR will depart on a standard departure, either IFR, CVFR, or Military ATS, as detailed in the SOP.
Elsewhere, clearances shall be coordinated with the relevant Radar position whose departure is within their area of responsibility

1.1.2 Arrival Clerances

Aircraft inbound to airfields within the Tel-Aviv FIR should be cleared for their route/STAR by the sector that controls them before entering the TMA/CTR of their destination airport.

The responsibility for issuing said clearance varies depending on the sector being controlled, according to the table below:

Sector	Destinations
Tel-Aviv ACC	LLBG (arrival from the west) LLHA (International)
Pluto ACC	LLIB LLHA (Domestic)
South ACC	LLER LLBG (arrival from the south) LLNV (see standing agreement)

1.1.2.1 Confirmation of STAR by Flight Crew

When an aircraft is transferred between Tel-Aviv -> Ben Gurion, there is no need to report STAR.  They are expected to continue to fly their flight-planned route.
                                    If the previous controller has instructed the aircraft to fly a heading, the pilot will report the heading.

Where the reported STAR is correct, the controller does not need to reiterate the STAR to the pilot. Their report may be taken as confirmation that the pilot will follow the STAR, as reported.

Where the reported STAR is incorrect, the controller shall proceed as follows:

• If the routing and STAR need amending, the controller shall pass the routing and STAR instruction to the pilot in full and receive a full readback and confirmation that they are able to follow said route.
• If the STAR is from an outdated AIRAC cycle, the controller shall ascertain whether the pilot has the updated/correct STAR, and if yes, re-clear them on this up-to-date STAR.

If the pilot does not report the correct STAR, the controller shall pass the route to the aircraft and obtain a readback.

1.2 Use of "Expect level" Clerances

Many published STAR charts advise pilots of the levels that they should expect ATC to issue. Agreements between
Split sectors often require that certain climb/descent profiles be adhered to  maintain the correct
sector coordination sequence.

• Normally, use a single transmission where the expected flight level  – for
  example, “ELY2431, expect 10,000 level by AMMIT, report when ready for descent”

1.3 Holding Phraseology

To reduce instances of incorrect direction holding, controllers are to use the following phraseology when
instructing aircraft to hold: “(callsign) hold at (name), (left/right) hand turns, (as published)”.
For example: “ELY40 hold at PIKOG, left-hand turns, as published”.
If there is no published hold or the direction given differs from the published hold, controllers shall also
specify the inbound course and leg time/distance.

If the pattern is used while the traffic is descending or climbing, you may add at the end of the instruction the altitude clearance, for example:  “ELY2431 hold at AZERE, right-hand turns, as published, descend to FL210”.

1.4 Assumption of Electronic Aircraft Tags

The following procedures apply to all transfers of aircraft tags (Israel's internal & external).

1.4.1 Between Radar-Equipped Controllers

Controllers shall only ‘accept’ the transfer of an aircraft tag from a sending controller when the aircraft has
‘checked in’ on the receiving controller’s frequency

The transfer of an aircraft tag from a LLLL radar-equipped unit to another LLLL radar-equipped unit shall indicate
to the receiving controller that the aircraft has been identified, their Mode A code validated, and their Mode C
readout verified. However, aircraft outside of controlled airspace received from APC units should be instructed
to squawk IDENT in accordance with GEN 1.5.2 below.

1.4.2 Aircraft from Unstaffed Airspace

For aircraft coming from unstaffed airspace, controllers should assume the tag after sending a ‘contact me.’
request. This signals to other controllers that they are trying to contact the aircraft.

1.4.3 Departures

Controllers should not assume aircraft tags for departures until they have checked in on the frequency.
Additionally, tags of departing aircraft will not be assumed by APP controllers unless it is their responsibility to
complete identification, validation, and verification (IVV).

1.5 Surveillance Procedures

In general, the transfer of an aircraft’s tag from a LLLL radar-equipped unit to another LLLL radar-equipped unit
shall indicate to the receiving controller that the aircraft has been identified, its Mode A code validated, and
Their Mode C readout verified.

1.5.1 SSR Code Allocation

Code allocation for non-local traffic is managed by the TOP-SKY Plugin. Departures joining the ATS\CVFR route
network transferred to the Area control center (ACC) from units using local SSR codes, should be allocated a new general code. 
For example, traffic departing Herzliya northbound with 5102 (T\A 8 SSQ).

1.5.2  Validation of SSR Mode A Codes

The display of a DUPE error (indicating a non-discrete code) on any aircraft’s tag requires the controller to
identify and validate the aircraft’s identity before issuing executive instructions, except for an initial
climb. The controller shall assign and validate a new, discrete Mode A code as soon as practicable and before transferring the aircraft to the next controller.

CHAPTER 2 Provision of Air Traffic Service

2.1 Roles and Responsibilities

▪ Provide the appropriate ATS within their stated Area of Responsibility (AoR) to ensure a safe, orderly, and expeditious
flow of air traffic.
▪ Provide Flight Information Services (FIS) where appropriate.
▪ Verify flight data, including updating and managing the flight progress strip (data block).
▪ Maintain a listening watch and conduct standard radiotelephony communication with aircraft.
▪ Provide ATS to aircraft using radar within the airspace of the relevant AoR and FIS, as
appropriate, in accordance with local procedures.
▪ Where appropriate, identify aircraft, validate, and verify SSR data on first contact or as soon as
possible thereafter.
▪ Assist aircraft in an emergency (except where the simulation of the emergency is denied in
accordance with VATSIM Code of Conduct B63).
▪ Coordinate with Military ATC as required.
▪ Individually coordinate the movement of aircraft into and out of the sector unless said aircraft are operating under the terms of a Standing Agreement.
▪ Issue releases to airfields as appropriate.
▪ Allocate or obtain levels at holding stacks.
▪ When necessary, initiate a suspension of local Standing Agreements.
▪ Issue clearances to aircraft to join, leave, or cross regulated/controlled airspace.
▪ When aircraft are accepted into the sector, ensure separation exists in accordance with this
SOP.
▪ Confirm all data transfer, revisions, and estimates have been effected as required in the local
instructions

2.2 Flight Information Services

Controllers shall provide Flight Information Service (FIS) to all known aircraft within their Area of Responsibility (AoR) in accordance with Israel AIP (PAMAT) "א-07" This service includes:

• Weather Information: Providing information regarding known severe weather conditions.

• Navigation Assistance: Assisting pilots who observe severe weather and request to deviate from their route. The controller shall facilitate the deviation while considering safety limitations and current air traffic.

2.3 Area Control Service

2.3.1 General Operating Requirements

• Clearances: Any pilot operating within controlled airspace is mandatory to obtain a clearance from the appropriate ATC unit before executing any action that requires such clearance.

• Inability to Comply: Pilots who are unable to comply with an issued clearance must immediately notify the ATC unit and request an amended clearance.

• Flight Plans: All flights within the Tel Aviv FIR must file a flight plan and obtain an ATC clearance, maintaining continuous radio contact with the relevant unit.

• Cruising Levels: IFR cruising levels must be maintained in accordance with the Table of Cruising Levels in AIP ENR 1.7.

2.3.2 Coordination of Special Activities and Emergency Simulations

Certain activities require specific coordination and prior approval from the ATC unit before they can be initiated:

• Emergency Simulations: Practices of abnormal situations (e.g., forced landings, priority requests, communication failures, or loss of orientation) within a CTR or on traffic routes must be coordinated and approved as a simulation before commencement.

• Special Flights: Formation flights, calibration flights, and photography flights require prior coordination and approval from the ATC unit.

2.4 Prioritisation of Services

1. Controllers shall prioritise the provision of services as follows:

   1. Emergency Situations: Aircraft in a state of emergency or those executing an approved emergency simulation.

   2. IFR Traffic: Provision of Air Traffic Control service to IFR flights operating on ATS routes.

   3. CVFR/VFR Traffic: Provision of services to controlled VFR flights within their defined areas.

   4. Information Services: Provision of Flight Information Services (FIS) to other participating aircraft.

2.4.1 Top-Down Service Provision

In the absence of local ATC, Area Controllers shall provide a top-down service at aerodromes within their AoR
where an Air Traffic Control service would normally be provided. Provision of ATS to airborne traffic should generally take priority over top-down service provision.

Where necessary, controllers may reduce the extent of the top-down service by permitting aircraft to self-manoeuvre or depart at their discretion. Aircraft should be instructed to maintain a listening watch on the frequency and must not be transferred to Unicom.

While some top-down service degradation is permitted, when the overall traffic workload (En Route and top-down) is such that safety, efficiency, or the experience of pilots is compromised, Area Controllers are to reduce
their coverage area. It is recognised that during events, reducing coverage may not be possible.

CHAPTER 3 Local Separation Standards

3.1 General

Separation shall be applied in accordance with Israel AIP Part "א"  Section א, Chapter 1, Separation
Standards.

Standard vertical or horizontal separation shall be provided between:

• IFR flights and VFR flights;
• IFR flights and other IFR flights
• Special VFR flights and other Special VFR flights.

3.2 Vertical Separation

Vertical separation exists when the vertical distance between aircraft is never less than the prescribed
minimum. The vertical separation minima are:

• Between aircraft flying subsonic:
  • Up to FL410 apply 1000 ft;
  • b. Above FL410 apply 2000 ft.
• Where at least one of the aircraft is flying supersonic, the vertical separation required is 5000ft

3.3 Separation Based on ATS Surveillance System Information

3.3.1 Radar Separation Minima

The standard minimum horizontal radar separation to be applied across all of LLLL sectors is 5 NM, except LLBG_APP
where the use of 3 NM has been approved.

Where there is a requirement for an increase in separation or spacing between aircraft before transfer, this
shall be noted in the relevant section(s) of this document.

3.3.2 Ensuring Radar Separation

The minimum radar separation is an absolute minimum. Therefore, aircraft should not be permitted to fly on
their own navigation where the minimum separation is not ensured. As a guide, it is recommended that where
planned separation is less than 10 NM, aircraft should be on assigned headings to ensure separation. This may
be reduced to 7 NM where the use of 3 NM lateral separation has been approved.

It should be noted that due to the nature of VATSIM, headings may need to be assigned where planned
separation is greater than required, where there is the possibility of differing aircraft performance. When
operating at or close to the radar separation or surveillance monitored separation minima, controllers shall
monitor the flights for any unforeseen discrepancy.

Greater separation may be required for wake turbulence separation purposes.

The use of adequate speed control may be used in place of headings for aircraft flying in trail.

3.3.2 Surveillance Monitored Separation 

"Own navigaion"

Radar monitoring of traffic on ATS routes (including SIDs, STARs, and associated holds) or FRA directs is
permitted, subject to the following conditions:

• Traffic must be established on the route centreline, or following radar vectoring / within FRA, more
  than 7 NM (or 5 NM where 3 NM radar separation is approved) from the adjacent route and cleared
  to a navigational fix.
• Aircraft must be radar vectored if any significant route deviations are observed by the controller.
• Where turbulence or weather systems are reported, the controller must consider re-establishing
  Positive radar control to counter track deviation.
• Controllers should, where possible, ensure that the routes’ centrelines or the associated navigational
  fix’s symbols are displayed when radar monitoring is in use.
  

3.3.3 Use of 3 NM Radar Separation

The use of 3NM Radar separation is approved only at LLBG_APP

3.4 Wake Turbulence Separation Requirements

Minimum of 5 NM between a HEAVY (including a SUPER) and a MEDIUM (UPPER and LOWER), SMALL
or LIGHT aircraft following or crossing behind at the same level or less than 1,000 ft below.

3.5 Minimum Separation Between Sectors

Controllers shall not route or vector unknown traffic closer than 2.5 NM from a sector boundary without prior
coordination with the adjacent sector controller.

3.6 Separation Requirements Against Holding Aircraft

A minimum of 5 NM radar separation shall be applied between holding aircraft and en-route aircraft/aircraft
approaching the holding facility. This may be reduced to 3 NM radar separation, provided that all conditions are met 
relating to its use are met.

Note: Controllers should use caution when applying radar separation to aircraft approaching/passing
other holding aircraft, considering factors such as variable rates of climb/descent, hold entry patterns,
hold protected areas, and weather conditions (particularly prevailing wind).

CHAPTER 4 ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES AND METEOROLOGY

4.1 Altimeter Setting Procedures

4.1.1 Transition Altitude

CHAPTER 5 GENERAL COORDINATION REGULATION

5.1 Standing Agreements

A Standing Agreement is a procedure specifying conditions (and restrictions, as required) under which an
aircraft may enter another sector/controller’s airspace without individual coordination.

Aircraft must be individually coordinated when they cannot be transferred in accordance with a Standing
Agreement and are not deemed coordinated. Controllers may agree on temporary (amendments
to) Standing Agreements.

5.1.1 Conditions

An aircraft operating under a Standing Agreement shall be:

• cleared to, or at, an agreed level before transfer of communication; and
• on an agreed route or heading.
  

5.1.2 Transfer of Control and Communication

Unless specific restrictions are specified in the agreement, transfer of control of the aircraft under the terms of a
Standing Agreement is coincident with the transfer of communication.

The offering controller must ensure that any potential conflict with aircraft either in or entering their own
airspace is resolved before transfer of communication.

The receiving controller must continue the flight in the same general direction, not climb a descending aircraft
or descend a climbing aircraft, nor stop the aircraft at an intermediate level while it remains in the offering
controller’s airspace.

If traffic on a Standing Agreement will pass through an intermediate controller’s airspace without
communication  (e.g., LLHA departures to the west (transfer to Tel Aviv but passing through Pluto)), transfer of control is normally effective at the receiving controller’s AoR boundary. Unless otherwise stated, any turns or climb/descent must be
coordinated with all controllers concerned.

5.1.3 Release for Climb or Descent

When transferred under a Standing Agreement, traffic is released for climb/descent (never both) to the
top/bottom of the offering controller’s airspace, unless the agreement specifies otherwise. On VATSIM, this
allows climb/descent into bandboxed sectors, but not for the traffic to enter another controller’s airspace.

Note: Traffic that has entered the receiving controller’s airspace must not then re-enter the offering
controller’s airspace during further climb or descent. This is more likely in bandboxed scenarios.

5.1.4 Release for Turn

When transferred under a Standing Agreement, traffic is released for a turn in the same general direction
against known traffic, including if transferred on a heading, and unless the agreement specifies otherwise. The
receiving controller must be informed if an aircraft is transferred on a heading against traffic, unknown to
them. Any turn must not take the aircraft into a third controller’s airspace without prior coordination.

If a release for turn is individually or electronically coordinated for an aircraft, the turn must not be greater than 
than 45, unless a specific direction is agreed.

5.1.5 Level By Instructions

If no “level by” point is specified, the level must be reached prior to the aircraft entering the receiving sector.
However, the traffic does not have to be level at the time of the transfer of communication.

A climbing/descending agreement is indicated by an arrow. This means the aircraft does not need to be level
by the sector boundary and may continue to climb/descend to that level within the next sector’s airspace.

↑↓ | Indicates a climbing/descending agreement.

Where specified in an agreement, the “level by” point should be included in the descent clearance to ensure
the correct sector sequence. If the level specified cannot be achieved by the aircraft, the pilot in command
shall inform ATC immediately. ATC is responsible for further coordination with the appropriate sector(s).

Where an agreement for climbing outbounds specifies a level-by-point, controllers shall monitor the climb rate
and intervene/coordinate as required. Optionally, the “level by” point may be specified in the clearance.

5.1.6 Additional Coordination Requirements

If an aircraft that would normally be transferred to a sector on a Standing Agreement is routed to avoid that sector 
entirely, controllers should notify the original sector that the traffic has been ‘skipped’.

Aircraft following a route for which an inbound Standing Agreement exists, but at a level higher than the 
aircraft’s RFL must be individually coordinated.

5.2 Deemed Coordination of En-Route Traffic

Traffic that has reached the RFL indicated on the flight plan by the sector boundary is deemed to have been
coordinated and may be transferred by silent handover, provided that:

• The aircraft is at a correct level for the direction of flight;
• The RFL has not been changed within 30 NM of the AoR boundary; and
• No objection has been raised by the receiving controller.

Where the RFL is unusually low for the flight planned route, controllers should notify these flights to the next
sector individually.

Transfer of Control is at the receiving sector boundary, unless otherwise stated in this document.

5.3 Individual Coordination

Flights not deemed coordinated or subject to a Standing Agreement must be individually coordinated between sector controllers. An exit flight level should be offered, and other conditions may optionally be applied.

Departures from aerodromes not covered by Standing Agreements must also be allocated a level for
acceptance from the aerodrome/approach controller by the receiving sector.

Allow the receiving sector to identify the traffic before presenting the coordination request.

5.4 Transfer of Control and Communication 

Unless otherwise stated in this document:

•  transfer of control is effective at the common AoR boundary between the offering and receiving controllers
• transfer of communication shall take place no later than the sector boundary.

Aircraft must not enter a third controller’s airspace without coordination. This applies to all climb/descent and turn procedures detailed below and in sector instructions.

5.4.1 Release for Climb or Descent

Aircraft that are climbing/descending are released for climb/descent to the top/bottom of the transferring controller’s airspace.

5.4.2 Release for Turn

Traffic transferred on its own navigation is released for turn in the same general direction.

If an aircraft not operating under the terms of a Standing Agreement is transferred on a heading, any change
of heading, before entering the receiving controller’s airspace, must be coordinated unless otherwise
specified in sector procedures.

It is the responsibility of the receiving controller to ascertain if an aircraft is on a heading, and it should be
noted that aircraft may be transferred on a heading against traffic, unknown to the receiving sector

If a release for turn is individually or electronically coordinated for an aircraft, the turn must not be greater
than 45, unless a specific direct is agreed.

5.4.3 Full Release

A full release is an authorisation for the accepting unit to climb, descend and/or turn a specific aircraft according to the instructions above.

5.4.4 Conditions of Transfer

Aircraft transferred on a heading or with a speed restriction should have this recorded in the tag, with the pilot instructed to report their assigned heading and/or speed upon transfer of communication.

5.5 Handover

5.5.1 Silent Handover

Unless otherwise stated in this document, transfer of control between a enroute controller and an external
ACC may take place by means of a Silent Handover (that is, without prior coordination) provided that:

5.5.2 Radar Handover

Where the conditions for Silent Handover are not met, transfer of control by radar handover, the transferring controller will transfer the TAG of Said traffic and wait for acceptance; only then may the transferring controller transfer the control of the traffic.

• If the aircraft concerned are following the same route, they are spaced by a minimum of 10 NM,
  constant or increasing. (See Note).
• If the aircraft concerned are on crossing tracks, the conditions detailed under (Reduced) Longitudinal
  Separation for the relevant ACC is met.
• The transferring controller places any speed control or vectoring instructions (within the terms of the
  agreement) in the tag and instructs the aircraft to report these on first contact with the receiving
  controller.
•  The receiving controller is informed, by means of XFL electronic coordination or otherwise, of any
  level restriction other than an aircraft’s requested flight level or those covered by Standing
  Agreement prior to transfer of communications.

Note: The 10 NM here is not a separation standard. It is the minimum spacing required for a silent transfer of control.

5.6 Coordination of Direct Routings

There is no requirement to coordinate a direct routing for an aircraft, provided that the direct issued:

• Is entered in the data block label and/or EuroScope sector list;
•  Ensures the aircraft will enter the receiving sector at the boundary with the offering sector, not
  through an intermediate sector; and
• Will not take the aircraft off route by more than 5 NM in the next or any subsequent sectors, or
  contravene any positioning requirements specified in a Standing Agreement.
  

If any of the above conditions cannot be met, coordination shall be effected by the offering sector with the
receiving sector, the original receiving sector if that has changed, and any intermediate sectors through which
The aircraft will transit.

5.7 Electronic Coordination

Electronic coordination requires less time to perform (usually a few seconds) and generally lower controller
workload.

Releases between controllers may be specified via the TOPSKY Plugin Enroute Release tag item.
Additionally, some neighbouring ACCs use TopSky, which has release functionality.

The main limitation of EuroScope electronic coordination is that they are only applicable to pre-defined
scenarios and can only be initiated by one adjacent controller. Also, it is not suitable for time-critical situations
where a timely response is essential

Where electronic coordination is used to agree a transfer level, this level is always assumed to be the level by the
coordination point (or sector boundary if no defined point).

5.8 Handing Over/Taking Over an Operational Position

A Controller taking over a position must be fully aware of all relevant information before they
accept responsibility for the operational position.
Controllers are recommended to use one of the following checklists as an aid when handing over and
taking over sectors.

5.8.1 WEST

 

5.8.1 PRAWNS

 

P	Pressure	Pressure Settings
R	Roles	Area Sectors – bandboxed? Splits? Frequencies?
		Top-down responsibilities
A	Airports	Runways
W	Weather	Turbulence, CB Activity, SIGMETs
		Avoidance
		Winds
N	Non-Standard Info	Holding
		Flow restrictions (e.g., MDI)
		Amended or cancelled standing coordination
		Military Activity
S	Situation	Transfer of TAGs
		Coordinated traffic

CHAPTER 6 TOP-DOWN COVERAGE

In the absence of the local ATC, the responsibility for top-down control is determined as follows:

ID	Sector/Position
TLV	Tel-Aviv Bandbox
TLV_D	Tel-Aviv Departures
TLV_A	Tel-Aviv Arrivals
BGN_A	Ben Gurion Arrivals
BGN_D	Ben Gurion Departures
BGN_T	Ben Gurion TMA
PLT	Pluto
PLT_W	Pluto West
PLT_E	Pluto East
STC	South

 

Aerodromes	Top-Down Priority (Left to Right, High to low)
Ben Gurion (LLBG)	BGN_D – TLV_D – TLV
Eilat (LLER)	STC – TLV
Rosh Pina (LLIB)	PLT_E - PLT – TLV_A - TLV
Haifa (LLHA)	PLT_W – PLT – TLV_A – TLV
Herzelia (LLHZ)	BGN_A – BGN_D – PLT_W – PLT – TLV_A - TLV

CHAPTER 7 CIVIL/MILITARY PROCEDURES 

Procedures relevant to multiple sectors are contained in this Chapter.

7.1 Apolo military control

To give a response to the following increase in mil TFC in the LLLL FIR, and to support the vIAF VSOA VATIL started applying LLMA c/s "APPOLO" and their splits "LIBA" for the north control and "SHANON" for the south control, as shown in the picture

Apolo control - Bandboxing/Splitting Procedures

LLMA_CTR "Apolo" 122.900 Mhz	LLMA_N_CTR "Liba" 132.850 Mhz
Bandbox	LLMA_S_CTR "Shanon" 122.900 Mhz

7.2 Military Route Corridors

7.2.1 General Procedures

Military corridors are established to enable the transit of the ATS route structure by Military traffic

7.2.1.1 Apolo control online
When Apolo control is online, they will coordinate with the relevant ACC controller to update on transit in the corridor or closure of civil airspace (as explained in each ACC).

It is both Apolo control and the relevant ACC requirement to maintain separation from the corridor or the T\A; the priority is for military or "National Mission."

7.2.1.2 Apolo control offline
When Apolo control is offline, aircraft/formations wishing to transit a corridor will call the local ACC (Pluto\South\Tel-Aviv) at least 5 minutes prior to transit, while setting the V-LARA application as required. Traffic should be identified, and Mode C verified, and may be offered a service outside of the corridor or Training Area, depending on workload or knowledge.

Clerance should be in the following format:
                                                    "C/S Follow the Corridor at an altitude of XXXft report entering the area."

7.2.2 Sea corridor "Derech Ha-YAM" (דרך הים)
highlighted in red
Apolo control Sector: Liba
Civil Sector: Pluto\Tel-Aviv\BGN TMA\South

Transit Altitude: 12000ft - FL500 (With exception to BGN TMA, which is split as per the following photo), for transit in lower altitude, Apolo will request deligation from Tel-Aviv ACC

7.2.3 Netofa corridor "Derech Netofa" (דרך נטופה)
highlighted in blue
Apolo control Sector: Liba
Civil Sector: Pluto

Transit Altitude: 12000ft - 30000ft

7.2.4 Galil corridor
highlighted in purple
Apolo control Sector: Liba
Civil Sector: Pluto

Transit Altitude: 12000ft - FL500

7.2.5 Bikaa corridor "Derech Bikaa" (דרך הבקעה)
highlighted in steel blue
Apolo control Sector: Liba
Civil Sector: Pluto

Transit Altitude: 12000ft - FL500

7.2.6 Hahhar corridor "Derech Hahhar" (דרך ההר)
highlighted in brown
Apolo control Sector: Liba\Shanon
Civil Sector: Pluto\South\Tel-Aviv

Transit Altitude: 12000ft - FL500 (south of BGN-TMA), 18000ft - 26000ft (Above BGN-TMA)

7.2.7 Hahhar Hanistar corridor "Derech Hahhar Hanistar" (דרך ההר הנסתר)
highlighted in yellow
Apolo control Sector: Shanon
Civil Sector: South

Transit Altitude: 8000ft - 11000ft

7.2.8 Plugot corridor "Derech Plugot" (דרך פלוגות)
highlighted in desert yellow
Apolo control Sector: Shanon
Civil Sector: South

Transit Altitude: 12000ft - FL500

7.2.9 Hanegev corridor "Derech Hanegev" (דרך הנגב)
highlighted in pink
Apolo control Sector: Shanon
Civil Sector: South

Transit Altitude: 12000ft - FL500

7.2.10 Hanegev Hamurhevet corridor "Derech Hanegev Hamurhevet" (דרך הנגב המורחבת)
highlighted in Olive
Apolo control Sector: Shanon
Civil Sector: South

Transit Altitude: 12000ft - FL500

Chapter 1 - General Operation Procedures

1.1 Sectors and Sector Groups

Tel Aviv control manages en route traffic in the Tel Aviv (LLLL) FIR. 

Israeli airspace is divided into three main sector groups based on their geographical position.

• South control: Southbound of LLBG TMA
• Tel Aviv control: Over the sea for International flights
• Pluto control: over land north of the LLBG TMA

VATSIM Callsign	Radio C/S	Group	Frequency
LLLL_CTR	Tel Aviv Control	Tel Aviv	121.400
LLLL_D_CTR	Tel Aviv Control	Tel Aviv	122.950
LLLL_A_CTR	Tel Aviv Control	Tel Aviv	121.400
LLLL_E_CTR	Tel Aviv Control	Tel Aviv	132.025
LLSC_CTR	South Control	South	120.900
LLGV_CTR	Hagav	South	128.350
LLGV_N_CTR	Hagav North	South	128.350
LLGV_S_CTR	Hagav South	South	121.150
LLPT_CTR	Pluto	Pluto	119.150
LLPT_W_CTR	Pluto West	Pluto	119.150
LLPT_E_CTR	Pluto East	Pluto	134.650

1.2 LLLL Bandboxing/Splitting

The table below shows the three main groups spliiting proceduresa, including ownership of sectors.

Annex A | Standard Instrument Arrivals (STARs)

A01. Ben Gurion (LLBG)

 

A02. Eilat Ramon (LLBG)

Chapter 2 - South control

2.1 Area of Responsibility

South control (LLSC_CTR) is the south sector of LLLL FIR, covering from the south line of TMA LLBG down to Eilat city. 
Also in this sector are seven AF bases and a few uncontrolled airstrips. The sector is going from ground level to unlimited (if mil-certified, if not until FL370).

The sector splits mainly into Flights over the ATS route (mainly at the J10 airway, etc.) The parent unit, as shown above, is LLSC_CTR.

2.1.1 Sector Frequency

South control is operating on 120.900

2.2 General Operating Procedures

2.2.1 Common ATS traffic routing

The main traffic is either northbound or southbound, with little to no east-westbound. The traffic normally passes through the J10 airway. In the sector are some shortcuts which may be approved under the following conditions

Remark: The bold identification may indicate the most preferred shortcuts for traffic management

2.2.2 Route restrictions

Due to a high amount of traffic in the vicinity of the south sector, most of the airways are limited to the upper limit of FL370 and the lower limit of 5000 to 6000ft.

2.2.2 ATS controlling restrictions

Due to a small maneuver area within the J10 corridor, the controller may not vector any traffic; instead, the controller MAY give direct instructions to any FIX over the route/sector.
Vectors shall be the last resort in any situation for IFR traffic

2.2.2 Initial Route Clearance and transfer of control (IFR)

South control shall issue route clearance (including STARs) in accordance with GEN 1.1. See Annex A for a list of
STARs, and as required in Chapter 2.3

2.3 Standing Agreements

2.3.1 Tel-Aviv (LLLL)

Separation: Each transfer of control will be with at least 10NM of separation between two planes with the same performance. If the lateral separation cannot be accomplished, a vertical separation of 1000ft (and steady) is required.

Altitude hold: When control is transferred to Tel Aviv while the traffic is on J10 airway, Tel-Aviv will transfer the traffic when holding coordinated altitude until leaving the said airway.

2.3.1.1 From Tel Aviv to South control

Altitude agreement

To	Agreement	Conditions
LLER\LLOV	29,000 ft at SIVAK	20NM lateral separation (RWY19) 30NM lateral separation (RWY01)
LLNV	19,000 ft at SIVAK

Transfer of control

Position	Conditions
DONAG
SIVAK
ASSIF	If "ASSIF Shortcut" is active

2.3.1.2 From South to Tel Aviv control

Altitude agreement

Transfer of control

Position	Conditions
YOLCO
SIVAK

2.3.2 Ben Gurion (LLBG)

Minimal Segregation zone: Both South control and Ben-Gurion will maintain a segregation zone of 2.5NM of the south border of Ben Gurion TMA (except for J10 airway or transfer of control)

WT separation from the segregation zone: When traffic that requires WT radar separation, each station will maintain half the required separation from the South border of Ben Gurion TMA

ASSIF&J10 routing: When the ASSIF shortcut is active, the J10 airway north of the join position of the shortcut will be assumed as a Northbound airway, while the approved shortcut will be assumed as a southbound airway

2.3.2.1 South to Ben Gurion

Altitude agreement

From	Agreement	Conditions
ASSIF	10,000/8,000 at ASSIF
AMMIT	10,000/8,000 at SIVAK

Transfer of control:

Position	Conditions
5NM Before AMMIT	Clear of conflict
10NM Before ASSIF	If "ASSIF Shortcut" is active and there is an entry from ASSIF

STAR allocation: South control will allocate STAR to Ben Gurion, as explained in ANNEX A.
When no STAR is available, the south control may route the traffic with one of the following options:
1. TOMAL - ADLOD
2. ASSIF - ADLOD (If requested by Pilot or from Ben Gurion UNIT) and with the following conditions:
a. The route to ASSIF is Clear down to 8000ft 
b. The traffic will be transferred as soon as possible

2.3.2.2 Ben Gurion to South

Altitude agreement

From	Agreement	Conditions
LLBG\LLHZ	9,000 ft at TOMAL/ASSIF 8000 ft at BIRIM	*IAS of 250kts *Stedy at the requested Altitude

Required Separation:
              Two international flights: When two planes are flying southbound for an international flight, they may be transferred with 10                                                            minutes of separation.

              Two LLER inbound flights: The two airplanes shall be separated by at least 5 minutes when in the same performance                                                                           group.

              Any other flights:

General	Lateral	Vertical	Other instructions
Following with same or reduced speed from precciding	5NM	No requirement	No need
Following with faster speed from precciding	15NM or greater	No requirement	No need
	Less than 15NM	1000ft or greater	No need
		none	Coordination is required

Transfer of control:

Position	Conditions
TOMAL	Clear of conflict
ASSIF	If "ASSIF Shortcut" is active and Holding Altitude as instructed
BIRIM	If "Q30 Shortcut" is active and Holding Altitude as instructed

2.3.3 Nevatim (LLNV)

2.3.3.1 Nevatim to South

Altitude agreement

From	Agreement	Conditions
MZD (Northbound)	↑6000 at MZD
KINAR (Southbound)	↑7000 at KINAR

Transfer of control

Position	Conditions
10NM Before ENOKO	Clear of conflict

2.3.3.2 South to Nevatim

Altitude agreement

From	Agreement	Transfer
South of KINAR	6,000 ft at MALUQ
North of MZD	6000 ft at MZD

Transfer of control

Position	Conditions
2NM south of SUKOT	From the south
MZD	From the north

STAR allocation: South control may not allocate any STAR to Nevatim

2.3.3 Eilat (LLER)

STAR allocation: South control will allocate STAR to Eilat, as explained in ANNEX A.

2.3.3.1 From Eilat to South

Altitude agreement:

From	Agreement	Conditions
LLER SID	↑5000ft	RWY01
	↑8000ft	RWY19

Transfer of control:

Position	Conditions
Airborne passing 3500ft	RWY 01 in use
Facing North	RWY19 in use

2.3.3.2 From South to Eilat

Altitude agreement:

From	Agreement	Conditions
SHANI	6000ft at NURIT	RWY01
	6000ft at ESHEL	ADIVI-APP RWY01
	5000ft at NURIT	RWY19

Transfer of control:

Position	Conditions
SHANI

Approval of RNP-VIS (ADIVI\NURIT): May be approved for Israeli airline only with the request of the flight crew ONLY

2.4 Coordination and Procedures with Adjacent Units, Sectors, and Airfields

2.4.1 Tel Aviv

• Inbound traffic to Nevatim: Should be coordinated to be transferred TOMAL at a steady altitude of 17,000ft
• Inbound Traffic to SIVAK: Tel Aviv may be reported in advance of 10 minutes before crossing SIVAK
• Outbound Traffic From Nevatim: South may coordinate climbing to 14,000ft

2.4.2 Ben Gurion

• Crossing SIVAK at 6000ft may be coordinated (For traffic entering LLBG_TMA)
• Entry to South from BIRIM may be coordinated and will be approved at an altitude of 8,000ft only

2.4.3 Nevation

• Release of departing traffic: Nevatim is required to request release from South control twice for each traffic, once 5 minutes before departure and once 1 minute before departure

2.4.4 Shanon\Hagav\Appolo

When active, the following coordinations are required

• Each holding pattern on J10 airway will need to be approved via MIL-control
• Each climb before entering J10 airway will need to be approved via MIL-control
• Each departure from LLRM will be coordinated with South control
  The best practise is to approve ZFR\KINAR (due to active airways) 

2.5 En-route Holding Procedures

MZD Hold

When a high amount of traffic is inbound to LLBG\OJAI, and the LLBG_APP is not yet able to receive it South control may use this hold to regulate the traffic and give better separation

ZFR Hold

When the time separation to LLER is too tight, this pattern and the next one may be used for sequencing

Shayo Hold

The second holding is used to moderate LLER traffic, lower in priority due to RNAV requirement and a higher lower limit that will require a steep descent.

Chapter 3 - North control (Tel-Aviv ACC)

3.1 Area of Responsibility

North control (LLLL_CTR) is the North sector of LLLL FIR, covering from the south line of TMA LLBG up to the northern border of the FIR above the coast and above the TMA.

The sector is splitting into 3 main sectors: Inbound to LLBG\LLHA\OJAI (LLLL_A_CTR); outbound of LLBG\LLHA\OJAI (LLLL_D_CTR); Crossing traffic at the sector.

Also, there is an area between N71 airway and zukko, "The triangle which is in deligation."

3.2 General Operating Procedures

3.2.1 Route Restrictions

General	Pre-Approval condition	Explanation	Range
OVR 28-29	Approval (If connected) From MIL-Control	Clear of conflict	TALMI L53 SUVAS ZUKKO N134 SALAM
OVR 35 -UNL	Approval (If connected) From MIL-Control	Clear of conflict	TALMI L53 SUVAS ZUKKO N134 SALAM
SID PATZAEL	Coordination from MIL-CONTROL	When activated from MIL-Control 14000ft-16000ft East Block of TMA	Maintain 12,000ft for inbound from AMMAN to LLLL
NAT SHORCUP	none	Approval per traffic from MIL-control	Lateral crossing MERVA H14 NAT Z91 SALAM
9K-13K	none	Request for closure from military control	Coastline -> TAPUZ
YAM	V-LARA without requests	Area is clear	MERVA
Jordanian East	Coordination from MIL-CONTROL	Request for closure from military control	11000ft-15,000ft
Jordanian West	Coordination from MIL-CONTROL		14,000ft-16,000ft

Figure 1: East-West Jordanian closure

3.3 Standing Agreements

3.3.1 Haifa (LLHA)

3.3.1.1 from Haifa to Tel-Aviv

Altitude agreement:

From	Agreement	Conditions
GALIM	↑3000ft at GALIM to 5000ft	Clear of conflict (Option A)
	5000ft at GALIM	Clear of conflict (Option B)

Transfer of control:

Position	Conditions
GALIM	Steady and clear of conflict

3.3.1.2 from Tel-Aviv to Haifa

Altitude agreement:

From	Agreement	Conditions
GALIM	5000ft at GALIM	Clear of conflict

Transfer of control:

Position	Conditions
10NM Before GALIM	↓ 5000ft

3.3.2 Ben Gurion (LLBG)

3.3.2.1 From Ben Gurion to Tel-Aviv

STAR allocation: Tel Aviv control will allocate STAR to Ben Gurion, as explained in ANNEX A.

Altitude agreement:

From	Agreement	Conditions
LLBG SID	↑8000ft	Clear of conflict

Transfer of control:

Position	Conditions
Airborne passing 3500ft	VIA SID

3.3.2.2 From Tel-Aviv to Ben Gurion

Altitude agreement:

TO	Agreement	Conditions
LLBG	↓5000ft	RWY26/21/12/08
	↓6000ft	RWY30

Transfer of control:

Position	Conditions
2NM before AMMOS	RWY26/30/21
2NM before PURLA	RWY08
2NM before NINET	RWY12

3.3.3 South Control

Separation: Each transfer of control will be with at least 10NM of separation between two planes with the same performance. If the lateral separation cannot be accomplished, a vertical separation of 1000ft (and steady) is required.

Altitude hold: When control is transferred to Tel Aviv while the traffic is on J10 airway, Tel-Aviv will transfer the traffic when holding coordinated altitude until leaving the said airway.

3.3.3.1 From Tel Aviv to South control

Altitude agreement

To	Agreement	Conditions
LLER\LLOV	29,000 ft at SIVAK	20NM lateral separation (RWY19) 30NM lateral separation (RWY01)
LLNV	19,000 ft at SIVAK

Transfer of control

Position	Conditions
DONAG
SIVAK
ASSIF	If "ASSIF Shortcut" is active

3.3.3.2 From South to Tel Aviv control

Altitude agreement

Transfer of control

Position	Conditions
YOLCO
SIVAK

3.3.4 Pluto

Inbound to LLHA: There are 4 main ways to enter Haifa, as will be coordinated with PLUTO
Pluto shall perform tactical clerances to avoid conflict.

• Option A: YAM is open, and the Sea military corridor is open: Entry via GALIM 3000ft
• Option B: YAM is open, and the Sea military corridor is active: Entry via GALIM 5000ft
• Option c: YAM is active, and the Sea military corridor is closed: Entry via GALIM 3000ft and MERVA 5000ft
• Option c: YAM is active, and the Sea military corridor is active: Entry via GALIM 5000ft and MERVA 5000ft

3.3.4 Nicosia

3.3.4.1 From Tel Aviv to Nicosia

Altitude agreement

Transfer of control

3.3.4.2 From Nicosia to Tel Aviv

Altitude agreement

Transfer of control

Note: All traffic from Nicosia FIR to LLLL FIR should be transferred to LLLL_CTR (or LLLL_E_CTR for overflights if LLLL_CTR is offline. If both offline, LLBG_APP for arrivals. If all offline, Unicom).

Spacing & Overflow Agreements:

• Separation: Two or more aircraft with less than 15NM separation at the same direction will be separated by vertical separation of 2,000 ft.

• Overflow: If Tel-Aviv ACC declares overflow, Nicosia will hold traffic between FL210 to FL340 at AZERE (Right, Inbd 172, 1.5 min, max IAS 300kts) or PIKOG (Left, Inbd 123, 1.5 min, max IAS 300kts). Transfer of control occurs only after leaving the hold.

3.3.5 Amaan

•  All traffic shall hold cleared altitude 5NM Prior to transfer [unless said otherwise]
• All traffic shall be separated with lateral separation of 10NM at least unless maintaining vertical separation. 
• When transfer of control is performed the traffic shall be with 45 deg of clear area until entering the receiving units' airspace
• Transfer of control will be 5NM before SALAM while holding cleared altitude

3.3.5.1 From Tel Aviv to Amman 

 

3.3.5.2 From Amman to Tel Aviv

Inbound	Altitude	Condition
MOUAB	FL350 or above
Departing TRFC	12,000ft at MOUAB Cleared ↑ 14,000 Higher levels maybe coordinated especially when 08’s OJAI ops or 06 OJAM ops in use. Maximum allowable is per ATC (usually FL280)

3.4 Coordination and Procedures with Adjacent Units, Sectors, and Airfields

3.4.1 Haifa (LLHA)

Departing from LLHA:

•  Before start-up clearance, LLHA will request SSQ code for the departing traffic
• Haifa will request RELEASE (10 min) from Tel-Aviv

Inbound to LLHA:

• Tel-Aviv will update Haifa more than 4 min prior to arrival about the ETA to position GALIM
• Tel-Aviv will update Haifa If the inbound traffic is unable to cancel IFR.
  

3.4.2 Ben Gurion (LLBG)

3.4.3 South (LLSC)

• Inbound traffic to Nevatim: Should be coordinated to be transferred TOMAL at a steady altitude of 17,000ft
• Inbound Traffic to SIVAK: Tel Aviv may be reported in advance of 10 minutes before crossing SIVAK
• Outbound Traffic From Nevatim: South may coordinate climbing to 14,000ft

3.4.4 Pluto (LLPT)

• Each flight departing from PLUTO airspace toward Tel-Aviv airspace shall be coordinated in advance 

3.4.4 Nicosia (LCCC)

Departing from Tel-Aviv (Outbound to Nicosia):

• Direct Routings: Tel Aviv ACC is authorized to give direct routing to VELOX without prior coordination.

• Coordination Requirement: Direct routings to any other waypoints require prior coordination with NICOSIA ACC.

Inbound to Tel-Aviv (Overflights from Nicosia):

• Altitude Coordination: Overflight traffic (East/South bound) that needs to cross N71 Airway below FL330 must be coordinated in advance with LLLL FIR.

General Routing Procedures:

• Traffic between Nicosia and Tel Aviv FIRs should route via the standard directional waypoints (Westbound: SUVAS-TEZAK/STEPA | Northbound: DAFNA/MERVA-VELOX/DESPO | Eastbound: IDAKU/LEDRA/BIRES-PIKOG/KEREN | Southbound: ZOMBA-AZERE/MERVA) unless coordinated otherwise between the controllers in charge.

3.3.5 Amaan

•  If traffic is unable to hold cleared altitude 5NM before transfer of control the adjacent unit
  shall be updated
• Inbound to Amman ACC (Enroute): Any traffic crossing below FL350 shall be
  coordinated
• Inbound to Tel Aviv ACC (Enroute): Any traffic crossing below FL360 shall be
  coordinated [Except for FL280]
  • FL280 may be closed due to MIL corridor, in this case Tel Aviv ACC will update
    Amman ACC with 10 min prior for closure. In that situation the block altitude of
    FL280 need to be coordinated. 

3.5 En-route Holding Procedures

AZERE Hold

One of the two main holding patterns within the "Triangle" area

PIKOG Hold

When the time separation to LLER is too tight, this pattern and the next one may be used for sequencing

Chapter 4 - Pluto control [WIP]

4.1 Area of Responsibility

4.2 General Operating Procedures

4.3 Standing Agreements

4.3.1 Haifa (LLHA)

Segregation zone: All military traffic shall maintain at least 0.5NM from LLHA_CTR unless inbound to the airport (Except from Haifa Training Area and the path between HASID-GILAM)

Transfer: All transfers of control and altitude agreements are per the CVFR\LSA\Helicopter Routes active charts

4.4 Coordination and Procedures with Adjacent Units, Sectors, and Airfields

4.4.1 Haifa

• Pluto shall coordinate any traffic that will cross above LLHA CTR at 3500 or 4000ft or below. In that situation, Haifa may lower its CTR to perform the flight above Haifa CTR
• All low altitude flights inbound or Outbound of Haifa CTR require coordination
• When "Mekomit" (Local) flight is active, Haifa shall coordinate with Pluto

GALIM-DAROM

• Any traffic flying northbound shall be coordinated with Haifa when passing at 1500ft
• In case traffic is required to join the path, Pulto will coordinate DAROM at an altitude of 2500ft
• Pluto is required to coordinate with any fast-moving aircraft with Haifa Tower
• In case there are two planes flying southbound, and the first one is at 2000ft while the second is at 1000ft Haifa shall coordinate with Pluto to avoid conflicts.

AAKKO

• Any traffic flying northbound shall be coordinated with Pluto when passing at 1500ft
• Any traffic flying northbound shall be coordinated with Haifa when passing at 2000ft

GILAM

• Any traffic flying Westbound shall be coordinated with Haifa when passing at 3000ft or at 2000ft

HASID

• Any traffic flying shall be coordinated with the receiving unit when passing at 3000ft or at 2500ft

Traning Areas

• Pluto may take control over the training areas; in that case, transfer of control will be at AFFEK

4.5 En-route Holding Procedures